Transformer Liquid Viscosity: Why Cold-Start Conditions Matter
A transformer that cools satisfactorily when …
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Water in Transformer Oil: Absolute Concentration versus Relative Saturation
Water concentration and relative saturation d…
Read full articleSynthetic Ester versus Natural Ester: Transformer Application Questions
Natural ester and synthetic ester are differe…
Read full articleMineral Oil versus Natural Ester: Compare Fire, Cooling and Material Boundaries
Mineral oil and natural ester should be compa…
Read full articleDielectric Design Review: Questions that Drawings Alone Cannot Answer
A drawing shows an arrangement, but not every…
Read full articleSolid Insulation Compatibility with Alternative Transformer Liquids
Changing insulating liquid requires more than…
Read full articleTransformer Insulation Margins: Distinguish Design Allowance and Test Level
A test level is a specified applied stress un…
Read full articleImpulse Voltage Distribution along a Winding
A lightning impulse does not necessarily divi…
Read full articleOil-Paper Insulation under AC and DC Stress: Do Not Transfer Rules Blindly
Oil-paper insulation verified under AC stress…
Read full articleBushing-to-Winding Connections: Keep the Whole Insulation Path in Scope
A bushing rating does not validate the entire…
Read full articleElectrostatic Shields in Transformers: Define the Purpose and Grounding
An electrostatic shield is a deliberately pos…
Read full articleLead Exit Geometry: A Hidden Dielectric Interface
The lead exit is where a conductor leaves a r…
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